Arbovirus emergence in the human population typically results from spillover transmission via bridge vectors which are competent mosquitoes feeding on both humans and wild animals. Instead other mosquitoes which take a larger fraction of their blood meals from mammals are thought to be bridge vectors in transmitting WNV to humans 34.
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The vertical stratification of potential bridge vectors of mosquito-borne viruses in a central Amazonian forest bordering Manaus Brazil.
Bridge vector mosquito. Vexans mosquitoes are often mentioned as a possible bridge vector of EEEV in the northeastern United States 1351233. For example the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti is strongly specialized in humans and their surroundings. More than 23 mosquito species have been implicated as potential bridge vectors or epidemic vectors ie those responsible for transmission to humans Marra et al.
Pipiens mosquito collected during an epidemic of WNV that was found to have bitten a human. Canadensis is a bridge vector of eastern equine encephalitis EEE virus. To this aim we evaluated its ability to colonize natural breeding sites in newly invaded and native areas its appetence for animal blood sources and its global efficiency for transmitting arboviruses.
Pipiens that we observed in one of our samplings occurred from humans to birds the potential of this mosquito as a bridge vector for humans and domestic animals i. Their distribution and late season abundance overlap with distribution of human cases and they will feed opportunistically on avian and mammalian hosts. Aedes cantator This salt-marsh mosquito is a fairly large mosquito that can be a serious pest along the immediate coast from late spring to mid-summer.
It has also been suggested that this mosquito species is a possible bridge vector for following isolations of the virus from field collections 2. Role as Enzootic or Bridge Vector. Another related but less studied concern is the risk of spillback transmission from humans into novel sylvatic cycles.
That is why it is a highly efficient vector of various diseases affecting humans. This is the first report of a WNV-infected Cx. Of anthropophilic mosquito species into previously unfa-vorable habitats4 thus modifying vector-host interactions and potentially leading to more contact with sylvatic ie enzootic reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens.
It is active during both daytime and nighttime periods and can fly great distances from its original source. Chipmunks are suggested as a possible source of West Nile virus for zoophilic or opportunistic mosquitoes 14 hence the interest in this mosquito with regard to West Nile virus transmission cycles. This mosquito is considered the principle bridge vector of WNV between birds and humans in the Camargue wetland southern France and is thought to have played a role in the transmission of WNV in the Danube delta Caspian and Asov sea deltas and the Volga region in Russia 3.
Arbovirus emergence in the human population typically results from spillover transmission via bridge vectors which are competent mosquitoes feeding on both humans and wild animals. Pipiens as a bridge vector. In the present work we tried to understand the potential role of the Asian tiger mosquito Ae.
Species that have been proposed as bridge vectors include members of the genera Aedes and Ochleratus and other Culex species 34. The hosts of these virus-infected blood-fed mosquitoes included two American robins one house sparrow and one human. Pipiens serves as both an enzootic and an epidemic ie bridge vector Apperson et al.
These results fulfill a criterion for incrimination of Cx. Other less specialized species can be dangerous in another way. However classification of mosquito species as enzootic or bridge vectors was previously based primarily on qualitative categories and did not incorporate other data that are critical to determining the.
Species that have been proposed as bridge vectors include members of the genera Aedes and Ochleratus and other Culex species 34. Albopictus as a bridge vector that might favour the transfer of zoonotic arboviruses from enzootic or domestic hosts to humans and vice-versa. In North America this mosquito feeds on white-tailed deer which are known reservoir hosts for a number of pathogens including Jamestown Canyon virus Cache Valley virus and Potosi virus 29.
For YFV spill-over events from non-human primates that involve mosquito bridge vectors have been described in tropical Africa eg involving Aedes africanus or Aedes furcifer and in America involving mosquito species from the Haemagogus and Sabethes genera. Yellow fever dengue chikungunya and Zika are among these. 2004 Kilpatrick et al.
Although the host shift in Cx. However classification of mosquito species as enzootic or bridge vectors was previously based primarily on qualitative categories and did not incorporate other data that are critical to determining the. In this sce-nario opportunistic mosquito species can act as bridge vectors between sylvatic and urban pathogen transmission.
Bridge vector mosquito free vector images – download original royalty-free clip art and illustrations designed in Illustrator. 2004 Turell et al. Instead other mosquitoes which take a larger fraction of their blood meals from mammals are thought to be bridge vectors in transmitting WNV to humans 34.
Recent indirect evidence based on blood-meal analysis and theory suggests that Cx.
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