Mosquito Pupae Anatomy

The pupae do not feed while developing but breathe through tubes like the larvae. Culicine females have short palps.

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However the mosquito pupae have a non-feeding stage unlike the larvae.

Mosquito pupae anatomy. Although they can swim at this stage of development pupae spend most of their time floating. Therefore detailed study on the tracheal system of mosquito pupae is helpful for understanding their survival strategy. Anopheline mosquitoes tend to sit with their heads low and their rear ends raised high especially when feeding while culicine females keep their bodies horizontal.

The head and thorax are merged into a cephalothorax with the abdomen curving around underneath. These spiracles connect to the tracheae. Adult mosquitoes have six legs of which the hind legs are the longest.

The larva lives in the water feeds and develops into the third stage of the life cycle called a pupa or tumbler The pupa also lives in the water but no longer feeds. University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension outreach is a partnership between state federal and county governments to provide scientific knowledge and expertise to the public. The tarsus or foot consists of five segments.

The pupal stage of the mosquitos life serves as a transitional phase between the water-bound larva and the adult. They were collected in the Himalaya Mountains of Nepal during field trips to the region. The tracheae divide into smaller tubes called tracheoles which carry oxygen to the tissues of the insect body.

In this study the three-dimensional 3D structures of the tracheal systems of Anopheles sinensis and Aedes togoi pupae were comparatively investigated using synchrotron X-ray microscopic computed tomography. The coxa is the basal segment and is followed by the trochanter the femur the tibia and finally the tarsus plural tarsi. The setae are distributed as follows.

Anopheles have very short siphons see below also while Culex tend to have the longest siphons. Rueda LM1 Kim HC Chong ST Klein TA Debboun M. Breathing is accomplished via a pair of breathing tubes known as trumpets that are extended into the atmosphere and connect to the tracheal breathing system.

Cephalothorax Fifteen pairs of setae occur on the cephalothorax three on the lateralia of the head four on the prothorax two on the mesothorax and usually three sometimes four five or six on the metathorax. The flipping movement has earned the pupae the nickname of tumblers. The tarsus is further divided into five subunits called tarsomeres.

The pupa can swim actively by flipping its abdomen and it is commonly called a tumbler because of its swimming action. Both breed in natural and artificial containers. The eggs hatch in water and a mosquito larva or wriggler emerges.

Anopheline mosquitoes tend to have dappled or spotted wings while culicine wings tend to be clear. Soon after the fourth moult the larva becomes inactive sinks down to the bottom and metamorphosis into a comma-shaped stage called pupa. Even though pupae do not feed they can still move quickly tumbling to the waters bottom when disturbed by a shadow or other sign of danger.

The respiratory system of the mosquito anatomy comprises tubes called tracheae that extend into the body cavity. Aedes Anopheles and Culex larvaeAn indication of the genera of mosquito larvae can be made from the length of the siphon. Compare this with Anopheles.

Unicinctus are described and illustrated for the first time. They respond to light changes or disturbance of the water surface by flipping their tail and moving to the bottom of the water or to a protective area. As seen in its lateral aspect the mosquito pupa is comma-shaped.

They are shaped like commas partially encased in cocoons with the head at one end and tiny flippers at the other. The pupae just like larvae remain just below the waters surface. The legs are divided into five segments.

After 1-3 days the pupal skin splits and the adult mosquito emerges. The pupae are called tumblers for the way the fall into the deepest part of the water when threatened by predators. Biosurveillance and morphological variations of larvae and pupae of common malaria vectors Anopheles Anopheles Hyrcanus group species in the Republic of Korea.

Mosquito legs are composed of five parts. The relative size of the tarsal segments and the presence of long erect scales on the hind tibiae are sometimes used in identification. Aedes Culex larvae and pupaBoth Aedes and Culex larvae hang down from the water surface at an angle.

The length of time to hatch depends on water temperature food and type of mosquito. The pupa of Culex is grayish while that of Anopheles is greenish grey. On the outside of the mosquitos abdomen there are tiny holes called spiracles.

The setae of this area are designated with a number connected by a hyphen to the suffix CT. The pupae of Ochlerotatus gubernatoris and Oc. Two tiny trumpets or breathing tubes near the head allow the pupa to breath.

Once the larvae have finished each stage or instar of their molting cycle they develop into pupae their long wriggly bodies transformed into a rounded bulge with a curved tail. The University of Florida UF together with Florida AM University FAMU administers the Florida Cooperative Extension Service. The coxa which is attached to the thorax.

Mosquito pupae known also as tumblers are often observed at the air-water interface suspended below the surface film. Unlike the pupa of housefly the pupa of mosquitoes is without a tough covering and it is as active as the larva. One hundred and nineteen 119 pairs of setae are found on mosquito pupae.

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